Introduction: Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory Ibuprofen pathogens.Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns, yielding heterogeneous results across different locations.However, significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.Methods
An evaluation of the cigarette tax increase impact on illicit trade in 5 Colombian cities
Background Few studies in middle income countries assess the effect of a sharp tax increase on observed consumption of illicit cigarettes.The 2016 tax reform in Colombia resulted in a 100% increase of the excise tariff for 2017.This study evaluates the changes in penetration of smuggled products associated with the tax increase nine months after it
Comprehensive comparative analysis of histopathology and gene expression in subchondral bone between kashin-beck disease and primary osteoarthritis
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, degenerative osteoarthropathy that exhibits some similar characteristics to osteoarthritis (OA) but with different etiologies and pathogeneses.In addition to cartilage damage, microstructural changes of bone were observed in KBD.This study aimed to comparatively demonstrate the general histopathological chan
GLOBALIZATION AND POVERTY: EVIDENCE FOR LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY
The study examined the impact of globalization on poverty rate with evidence from middle-income country.It focused on Nigeria for the period spanning 1981 to 2018.The study employed the ARDL estimation technique, and the results showed that globalization had negative and significant impact on poverty rate in Nigeria.Therefore, the conclusion was ma